The Work of Art: How Something Comes from Nothing (Hardcover)

노벨문학상 수상 시인부터 힙스터들의 뮤지션까지

〈뉴욕〉 ‘전설의 편집장’이 발굴한 현대예술가 48인의 창작 기록

 

생각은 어떻게 작품이 되는가? 무엇을 더하고 무엇을 덜어낼 것인가? 창작의 시작과 끝은 어디인가? 길을 잃을 땐 무엇을 해야 하는가?

창작자의 영원한 질문에 답하기 위해 40년 경력의 세계적인 저널리스트이자 화가인 애덤 모스가 현대예술의 최전선에 자리한 48명의 예술가와 전방위적인 대화를 나눈다. 소설가에서부터 안무가, 화가, 뮤지션, 영화감독, 편집자, 요리사, 십자말풀이 출제자에 이르기까지, 예술이라는 광활한 세계에서 새로운 역사를 써 내려가는 창작의 대가들이다.

애덤 모스는 이들이 창작 현장에서 남긴 유물에 주목한다. 냅킨 위의 낙서, 일기, 문자메시지, 스케치, 휘갈긴 초안 같은 것들이 어떻게 멋진 농담이 되고, 소설과 연극, 그림, 건축물로 거듭나는지 추적하고 분석한다. 그리고 예술에 관한 단순하고도 오랜 진리를 발견한다. 예술이란 희미한 아이디어에 윤곽을 부여하고 무수한 편집을 거듭하는 작업이라는 것을, 나아가 의심과 절망 속에서도 계속 해나갈 때 비로소 길이 보인다는 것을 말이다.

 

The New York Times bestseller and one of Barack Obama's Favorite Books of 2024

 

"The gift book of the year, a volume that should have broad appeal and deliver many hours of pleasure to the recipient. The Work of Art is a gorgeous book.” —John Warner, The Chicago Tribune

 

From former editor of New York magazine Adam Moss, a collection of illuminating conversations examining the very personal, rigorous, complex, and elusive work of making art

 

What is the work of art? In this guided tour inside the artist’s head, Adam Moss traces the evolution of transcendent novels, paintings, jokes, movies, songs, and more. Weaving conversations with some of the most accomplished artists of our time together with the journal entries, napkin doodles, and sketches that were their tools, Moss breaks down the work—the tortuous paths and artistic decisions—that led to great art. From first glimmers to second thoughts, roads not taken, crises, breakthroughs, on to one triumphant finish after another.

 

Featuring: Kara Walker, Tony Kushner, Roz Chast, Michael Cunningham, Moses Sumney, Sofia Coppola, Stephen Sondheim, Susan Meiselas, Louise Glück, Maria de Los Angeles, Nico Muhly, Thomas Bartlett, Twyla Tharp, John Derian, Barbara Kruger, David Mandel, Gregory Crewdson, Marie Howe, Gay Talese, Cheryl Pope, Samin Nosrat, Joanna Quinn & Les Mills, Wesley Morris, Amy Sillman, Andrew Jarecki, Rostam, Ira Glass, Simphiwe Ndzube, Dean Baquet & Tom Bodkin, Max Porter, Elizabeth Diller, Ian Adelman / Calvin Seibert, Tyler Hobbs, Marc Jacobs, Grady West (Dina Martina), Will Shortz, Sheila Heti, Gerald Lovell, Jody Williams & Rita Sodi, Taylor Mac & Machine Dazzle, David Simon, George Saunders, Suzan-Lori Parks

[본 문]

I WAS STANDING in the gift shop of the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Spain, flipping through the book Gehry Draws, when I came across the scribble you just passed a couple of pages back. It was more or less the first intimation the building’s architect, Frank Gehry, had of the museum, which became an architectural icon the moment it was built; it’s been compared with a boat, a fish, an artichoke, and Marilyn Monroe. I happen to love a doodle, and the scribble was a compelling little doodle in its own right, but what was so striking to me was how much it resembled the cockamamie (and extraordinary) structure I had come to Bilbao to see.

 

As I looked at the scribble and at the walls, and then back again at the drawing, an image out of a Pixar short popped into my head: the doodle shimmied to life to become the building it imagined, which now surrounded me. Gehry talks about these scribbles (his word for them—and there are many, just like this one) as his way of “thinking aloud.” And for a brief moment, I was right there with him when he had that first electric thought envisioning the place. It was one of those fleeting associations you hardly register. I moved on.

 

And yet I’d had a similar experience while I was still upstairs in the museum, at an exhibit of Alice Neel paintings that had been traveling around the world. Among them was a picture of a man named James Hunter, called Black Draftee (James Hunter).

 

As the story goes, Hunter came for a sitting, then went to Vietnam; he never returned to her studio. Neel looked at what she had applied to the canvas in that one meeting and declared the painting finished. I’m nuts about a lot of her work, but on that day as I was tooling around the galleries, I kept circling back to this painting. I was stuck on it. The interrupted portrait of Hunter was haunting, but what really got to me was the implied portrait—of Neel the artist, painting the picture. So there I was with her, too, experiencing the sit- ting as she experienced it.

 

And then it happened again. A day or so later I was in Madrid at the museum, and I saw this painting by Velázquez, one of the many court portraits of Philip IV. It’s hardly the most interesting of his works, but see where you can make out a trace of where it looks like the artist initially posed the king’s leg before fixing it? Standing by the painting, staring down the flaw, I felt as if I’d discovered a secret. It came as a gift to view Velázquez as mortal, making a decision and then thinking better of it.

 

I’ve long been attracted to this sort of artifact—of artists caught in the act of making art. If you look around, you can find them in corners of the internet: academic websites, auction house offerings, fanzines. They show up in the occasional exhibit, or as a sideshow in museum retrospectives. There are many types: tossed-off sketches and more-considered studies, unfinished work, meandering notes to self, scribbled lyric fragments, marked-up text, mad out- lines. I find them almost inexplicably beautiful in all their genres.

 

Some of my interest is aesthetic. I appreciate a crude hand; I can see the artist in it. I respect the honesty of the specimens, knowing they were not meant for me to see. They’re forensically interesting, often revealing stages of thinking. But I suppose what I find most satisfying about them is the way they seem to embody anticipation. They’re full of portent, more verb than noun. Also, poring over them gives me the same charge I get from reading the letters and journals of famous people. There’s a nosy pleasure in that, and I’ve often thought, in passing, that someone ought to put these kinds of documents in a book. So, to begin with, that’s what you’re holding right now.

 

But that’s not really what this book is about. The true value of unbaked scrawls and sketches and whatnot is as a window to an artist’s process. Process is an ugly-sounding word—pedestrian jargon for the inherently wondrous act of creation—but it describes a method by which a thing evolves, which has always had a hold on me. For over forty years I was an editor, of magazines mostly: New York most recently, The New York Times Magazine before that, and also a short-lived weekly called 7 Days. Particularly in the kinds of general-interest magazines I was editing, you could follow your curiosities any old place (that was the job description), and mine was often the how of anything. While a childlike interest perhaps—naive and open-ended, each how toppling into another—it was also opportunistic. I published a lot of what is known as process journalism, origin stories especially, which could then be fashioned into narrative.

 

As an editor, what I liked about these stories (beyond their answers to my questions) was the classic structure of them—each inherently dramatic, starting with nothing and ending with something. Cultural procedurals were especially good material. Years ago I assigned a story on Stephen Sondheim in which he explained, in thousands of words, how he wrote a single song. That was pretty great. I published the story on the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao that compared the building with Marilyn Monroe. I traced the evolutions of songs and novels and soap opera arcs. As an editor and as a reader, I found the story of how creators create irresistible.

 

And that interest wasn’t restricted to the page. When I could get a closer look, I took advantage of opportunities that came my way. One day I was invited to visit the set of the HBO political satire Veep. There I watched David Mandel, who ran the show, tune a joke. Its punchline was a Jewish holiday. He kept barking out variations, landing the joke on different holidays—Yom Kippur or Simchat Torah, which is funnier?—improving it steadily until one turn fell flat. That’s when he knew he had gone too far. All that for a throw- away joke? I was mesmerized.

 

You’ll see I talk to Mandel about that later on. But I mention it here to say that I’ve always been a freak for the zealous pursuit of the better, especially where culture is concerned. I love the story of it, and also the motive. So that, too, is what this book is—a celebration of the art that happens when instinct meets rigor. But it isn’t only that either.

 

I’m a painter. I feel ridiculous saying that. But when I quit my magazine job sometime before that trip to Spain, I decided to try my hand as an artist. It wasn’t entirely abrupt: in my work I always found it satisfying telling stories in photographs and graphics and drawings, and in spare moments—a whim at first—I picked up a paintbrush to try making images myself. I have no background in art at all, but I liked it, and I dabbled. Then I left my job, and I began to paint more seriously. That was the beginning of my torment: I just wasn’t very good.

 

After I learned a few skills, I could paint all right—basic stuff. My drawing got better, I knew my way around a color wheel, I could represent in a primitive way. And representation was what I was after—mainly because I didn’t have the courage to be more adventurous. If I were to try to describe what sort of painter I was, I guess you could say I was a figure painter with a distorting style (much like Alice Neel in my fantasies), but the distortion wasn’t always exactly deliberate. I just couldn’t do any better. Decent paintings sometimes emerged, but they seemed almost by accident. And they were accidents I couldn’t necessarily re-create. I was conservative—if one part of a painting showed promise, I would protect it and put the rest of the painting at risk. Sometimes I could get something going, and then tentatively feel emboldened to try something new (my paintings weren’t loose enough; I kept trying new ways to break the bad habits I was already picking up as a new painter), and then fall back, and that would scare me—so I would retreat to what I knew, which meant resuming the bad habits. As a result I made the same painting over and over again. I got frustrated easily and gave up easily, never knowing when to persevere or surrender. I had no faith that I could make the painting I wanted. If I stopped midway, that ideal painting could at least remain intact—in my mind. If I painted it, and painted poorly, I’d be crushed. You can see that these are all problems more of the head than of the hand (though there were plenty of technique issues as well). Basically, it all seemed impossible.

 

And yet though it sounds horrible, it wasn’t entirely. It was like a bad affair. I loved it even as it tortured me. And at least it consumed me. In spite of my troubles, I kept painting. Though I pretended otherwise, I really was ambitious. I wanted to be good. And when I was at my most exasperated, I found myself asking the same question I had asked as an editor: How does anybody make art?

 

Only now, my professional interest had become personal. The problems I am describing were ones of editorial self-scrutiny run amok, as if I had an overeager immune system that was sabotaging me. Editing is deliberating— choosing a word or a thought, dismissing or advancing; it comes up often in this book as a way to describe artistic decision-making. And in my journalism career, editing had served me well. My temperament was well suited to it. I always had trouble writing—I was too self-conscious (you can see a pattern). And I couldn’t bear working alone. But I thrived in a group and in response: I could corral ideas, and sharpen them. And I enjoyed thinking of the magazine itself as a canvas, playing with new ways to use it. In the various magazines I ran, we were forever trying to invent original story forms, and those attempts got even more interesting (we could invent whole new magazines on the fly) as the digital age kept offering up new toys to work with. But the emphasis here is on the we. There was safety in numbers. It was as part of a community that I was most successful.

 

But that was in the past. Now I was on my own wanting to be a painter—and I was vain enough to hope that I could even, maybe, make something interesting. Because why else do it? I didn’t dare express that hope out loud, because serious art making seemed so far out of reach.

 

I was staring at a canvas, in a room all by myself, and getting—not nowhere, but not far enough. I took to YouTube for tutorials, but realized it wasn’t practical help I was seeking—in fact, the inevitably contradictory guidance often confused me. And anyway, I figured skills would just come with more practice. I went to see a lot of art. And I read a lot about painting. In one book, a monograph about the figurative artist Eric Fischl (Eric Fischl:1970–2007) I came across this passage in which he described the making of one of his more famous paintings, called Bad Boy.

 

Here’s what Fischl had to say about it:

 

[Bad Boy] was an extremely meaningful painting for me to paint, not only because of what it ultimately came to mean to my career, but also because of how I got to it . . . . I was so lost in that picture that I actually had no idea what I was looking for . . . . I started out just wanting to paint a bowl of fruit. I went

from painting that bowl of fruit to constructing the room that the fruit could be in, to finding who might be in that room and what time of day it was. Who I first thought was in the room wasn’t there. People came and went. The twelve-year- old boy stealing money from the purse started out as an infant, lying next to the woman; then became a five-year-old sitting on the edge of the bed . . . He literally grew up in that room . . . I just kept following it, [trying] things that

didn’t work. I just painted things in, and painted things out.

 

Reading this account, I felt some of my torture starting to lift. I appreciated Fischl’s willingness to allow me into his mind as he stumbled through the work. His struggle was comforting—and illuminating. It gave me the beginnings of an idea.